Thursday, September 30, 2010

I Am Buddhist

ကာတြန္းဟန္ေလး

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သိထားသင့္ေသာ က်န္းမာေရးဆိုင္ရာ ဗဟုသုတေလးမ်ား


ေရးသားသူ — ေဇာ္လင္းျမင့္ (ေဆး/မန္း)
Ref: Self-Checks before Breakfast
(Woman Health Magazine)



လူသားတို႔၏ခႏၶာကိုယ္သည္ အံ့ၾသဖြယ္စြမ္းရည္မ်ားျဖင့္ ဖြဲ႕စည္းတည္ေဆာက္ထားပါသည္။ ထိုစြမ္းရည္မ်ားထဲမွ တစ္ခုသည္ နာမက်န္းျဖစ္ေနၿပီဆိုပါက ထိုအေၾကာင္းကို ခႏၶာကိုယ္၏ အစိတ္ပိုင္း တစ္ခုခုက ျပသေနတတ္ျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္သည္။



နံနက္ခင္းမ်က္ႏွာသစ္ၿပီးစအခ်ိန္တြင္ လူသားတိုင္း တစ္ႀကိမ္ေတာ့ မွန္ၾကည့္မိတတ္ၾကပါသည္။ ထိုအခ်ိန္မ်ိဳးတြင္ အခ်ိန္ အနည္းငယ္မွ်ေပး၍ ေၾကးမံုျပင္တြင္ထင္ဟပ္ေနေသာ မိမိတို႔၏ ခႏၶာကိုယ္အစိတ္အပိုင္းပံုရိပ္မ်ားကို ၾကည့္႐ႈစစ္ေဆးေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ က်န္းမာေရးယိုယြင္းလာမႈ၏ အေစာပိုင္းလကၡဏာမ်ားကို သိျမင္ လာႏိုင္သည္ဟု က်န္းမာေရးဆိုင္ရာပညာရွင္တို႔ ဆိုၾကပါသည္။ ထိုအခ်ိန္မ်ိဳးတြင္ မိမိခႏၶာကိုယ္မွ- (၁)လက္သည္း (၂)ခ်ိဳင္း (၃)မ်က္ခြံ၊ ဒူးေခါင္းႏွင့္ တံေတာင္ဆစ္ (၄)ဦးေရျပား (၅)ဝမ္းဗိုက္ (၆)လွ်ာ (၇)မ်က္စိ တို႔ကို ၾကည့္႐ႈစစ္ေဆးသင့္ေၾကာင္း ပညာရွင္တို႔အႀကံျပဳထားပါသည္။




(၁)လက္သည္း လူသားတို႔၏အေရျပားတြင္ ခံုးထေနေသာမွဲ႔မ်ား ေတြ႕ရ တတ္ပါသည္။ ထိုမွဲ႔မ်ားသည္ အေရျပားကင္ဆာ၏ ေရွးဦးသေကၤတ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ မွဲ႔ကင္ဆာသည္ လက္သည္း၏ေအာက္ဖက္တြင္လည္း ျဖစ္ပြားႏိုင္ပါသည္။ လက္သည္းေပၚမွ အဝါေရာင္၊ အညိဳေရာင္၊ အမည္းေရာင္အစင္းမ်ားသည္ အေရျပားကင္ဆာ၏ ေရွးဦးပံုရိပ္ျဖစ္ ေနတတ္ပါသည္။ အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္ဆိုေသာ္ ထိုအစင္းမ်ားသည္ မွဲ႔ကင္ဆာေၾကာင့္ ဆဲလ္မ်ားထိခိုက္ပ်က္စီးရာမွ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာတတ္ ေသာေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္သည္။ မွဲ႔ကင္ဆာသည္ အေရျပားကင္ဆာမ်ား ထဲတြင္ အေသအေပ်ာက္အမ်ားဆံုးေသာေရာဂါ ျဖစ္သည္ဟု နယူးေယာက္စီးတီးမွ အေရျပားအထူးကုေဒါက္တာ ေအရီေအာ့စတိ က ဆိုပါသည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ေစာစီးစြာသိရွိကုသႏိုင္ပါက ၉၅ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းမွာ ေပ်ာက္ကင္းႏိုင္ပါသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ လက္သည္းမ်ားကို ၾကည့္႐ႈ စစ္ေဆးေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ အထက္ပါအခ်က္မ်ားကို ေစာစီးစြာသိႏိုင္မည္ ျဖစ္သည္။ လက္သည္းေပၚတြင္ အျဖဴအစင္းမ်ားရွိေနၿပီး ပင္ပန္း ႏြမ္းနယ္မႈဒဏ္ကို ခႏၶာကိုယ္ကခံစားေနရၿပီဆိုပါက သတိထားသင့္ ပါသည္။ အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္ဆိုေသာ္ ထိုအခ်က္သည္ ေက်ာက္ကပ္မ်ား လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈအားနည္းရာမွ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာတတ္ေသာ သေကၤတ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္သည္။ ထိုအျဖဴစင္းမ်ားသည္ ဆီးတြင္ ပါသြား ေသာ အသားဓာတ္မ်ားကို ေက်ာက္ကပ္က ျပန္လည္စုပ္ယူမထား ႏိုင္ျခင္းသေကၤတျဖစ္သည္ဟု ေဒါက္တာေအာ့စတိကဆိုပါသည္။ ဆိုလိုသည္မွာ ခႏၶာကိုယ္သည္ အသားဓာတ္ထိန္းသိမ္းထားႏိုင္မႈထက္ ဆံုး႐ံႈးမႈကပိုမ်ားေနေၾကာင္း၊ ေက်ာက္ကပ္မ်ားလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈ အားနည္း ေနေၾကာင္းကို ညႊန္ျပျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဆရာဝန္ႏွင့္ျပသကာ ဆီးစစ္ရန္လိုအပ္ေၾကာင္းညႊန္ျပေနေသာ အမွတ္အသားဟု ဆိုရ မည္ျဖစ္သည္။



(၂)ခ်ိဳင္း တစ္ခါတရံ ခ်ိဳင္းတြင္ ၾကမ္းတမ္းေသာအမည္းကြက္မ်ား ျမင္ေတြ႕ရေလ့ရွိပါသည္။ ေနေရာင္ဒဏ္ခံအဆီ သုတ္လိမ္းထားျခင္း ေၾကာင့္မဟုတ္ပါက ထိုသေကၤတသည္ ဆီးခ်ိဳ၊ ေသြးခ်ိဳေရာဂါရွိေနျခင္း သေကၤတျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္ဟု Web MD's Chief Editor ေဒါက္တာ မိုက္ကယ္စမစ္က ဆိုပါသည္။ ေသြးထဲတြင္ အင္ဆူလင္အေျမာက္အမ်ားရွိေနျခင္းသည္ အေရျပားဆဲလ္မ်ားကို လ်င္ျမန္စြာကြဲျပားေစၿပီး တစ္႐ႈးႏွင့္မယ္လနင္ ဓာတ္ျဖစ္ေပၚႏႈန္း ျမင့္မားေစပါသည္။ ထိုအခါ အေရျပားသည္ ၾကမ္းတမ္းၿပီး ပိုမည္းလာပါသည္။ အမ်ားအားျဖင့္ ခ်ိဳင္းၾကား၊ လည္ပင္း၊ ေပါင္ၿခံမ်ားတြင္ အမည္းကြက္မ်ား ေတြ႕႕ရတတ္သည္ဟု ေဒါက္တာ မိုက္ကယ္စမစ္ကဆိုပါသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ခ်ိဳင္းတြင္ ၾကမ္းတမ္းေသာ အမည္းကြက္မ်ားေတြ႕ရပါက ဆီးခ်ိဳ၊ ေသြးခ်ိဳေရာဂါရွိမရွိကို စစ္ေဆးသင့္ ေၾကာင္း အႀကံျပဳပါသည္။ ဆီးခ်ိဳ၊ ေသြးခ်ိဳေရာဂါသည္ ေရာဂါျဖစ္ပြား ေနေၾကာင္းကို အမ်ားအားျဖင့္ မသိရွိၾကေသာေရာဂါျဖစ္သည္။




(၃)မ်က္ခြံ၊ ဒူးေခါင္းႏွင့္ တံေတာင္ဆစ္ မ်က္ခြံ၊ ဒူးေခါင္းႏွင့္ တံေတာင္ဆစ္တို႔တြင္ ေသးငယ္ ေပ်ာ့ေျပာင္းေသာ အျဖဴေရာင္(သို႔မဟုတ္) ဝါက်င္က်င္အလံုးေလးမ်ား ေတြ႕ရလွ်င္ သတိထားသင့္သည္ဟု ေဒါက္တာစမစ္ကဆိုပါသည္။ ထိုုုုုအလံုးကေလးမ်ာကိုလည္းေတြ႕ရ၊ တစ္ခ်ိ္န္တည္းမွာပင္ ခႏၶာကိုယ္တြင္ ကိုလက္စထေရာပမာဏလည္း ျမင့္တက္ေနပါက အသက္အႏၲရာယ္ရွိႏိုင္ေသာ ႏွလံုးေရာဂါ၏ လကၡဏာျဖစ္သည္။ ထိုလကၡဏာကို သိရွိျမင္ေတြ႕ရပါက ကြ်မ္းက်င္သူဆရာဝန္ႏွင့္ တိုင္ပင္ ေဆြးေႏြးသင့္သည္ဟုလည္း ေဒါက္တာစမစ္က ဆိုထားပါသည္။



(၄) ဦးေရျပား ဦးေရျပားအေရခြံမ်ား ကြ်တ္ေနသည္ကို ေတြ႕ရပါက ထို လကၡဏာသည္ စိတ္ဖိစီးမႈ၏လကၡဏာျဖစ္သည္ဟု ေဒါက္တာစမစ္က ဆိုပါသည္။ ျပင္းထန္ေသာ စိတ္ဖိစီးမႈသည္ ခႏၶာကိုယ္မွ ေကာ္တီဆုန္း ေဟာ္မုန္းကို အမ်ားအျပားထြက္ေစသည္။ ေကာ္တီဆုန္းေဟာ္မုန္း သည္ ကိုယ္ခႏၶာခုခံအားႏွင္ ဇီဝလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတို႔ကို ပ်က္ျပားေစသည့္ အျပင္ ဦးေရျပားကိုလည္း ေသြ႕ေျခာက္ေစသည္။ ဦးေရျပားေသြ႕ေျခာက္ ၿပီး အေရခြံမ်ားကြ်တ္ျခင္းသည္ ေဗာက္ေပ်ာက္ေစေသာ ေခါင္း ေလွ်ာ္ရည္မ်ားသံုးစြဲျခင္းျဖင့္ ေခတၱေပ်ာက္ကင္းေစႏိုင္ေသာ္လည္း လံုးဝေပ်ာက္ကင္းသက္သာေစရန္မူ ဝလင္စြာအိပ္စက္ျခင္း၊ အသက္ ျပင္းျပင္း႐ႈ႐ိႈက္ျခင္း၊ အလုပ္မွေခတၱအနားယူျခင္းတို႔ျပဳလုပ္ရန္ လိုအပ္ ပါသည္။



(၅)ဝမ္းဗိုက္ အမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ားတြင္ ဆီးခံုေအာက္ဖက္ပိုင္း၌ အေမြးႏုမ်ား ေပါက္ေလ့ရွိသည္မွာ သဘာဝပင္ျဖစ္သည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ အေမြးႏုမ်ား မဟုတ္ဘဲ အေမြးၾကမ္းမ်ား ဆီးခံုတစ္ေလွ်ာက္တြင္မကဘဲ ဝမ္းဗိုက္ အေပၚထိပါ ေပါက္လာပါက မ်ိဳးဥအိမ္တြင္ အရည္အိတ္မ်ားစြာ ျဖစ္ေပၚ ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ေသာ ေရာဂါလကၡဏာစုထဲမွ တစ္ခုျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း တကၠဆက္ေဆးတကၠသိုလ္ သားဖြားႏွင့္မီးယပ္ဌာန ေဒါက္တာ ပါမာလဘီရင္ကဆိုပါသည္။ က်ားေဟာ္မုန္း အမ်ားအျပားထုတ္လုပ္မႈေၾကာင့္ ေသြးဆင္း မ်ားျခင္း၊ ကိုယ္အေလးခ်ိန္တိုးျခင္း၊ ဝက္ၿခံေပါက္ျခင္း၊ ဝမ္းဗိုက္၊ မ်က္ႏွာ၊ ရင္ဘတ္ႏွင့္ေနာက္ေက်ာမ်ားတြင္ အေမြးၾကမ္းမ်ားေပါက္ျခင္း တို႔ျဖစ္ေပၚတတ္ပါသည္။ ထိုေရာဂါလကၡဏာမ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚေနေသာ အမ်ိဳးသမီး(၁ဝ)ဦးတြင္ (၅)ဦးသည္ မ်ိဳးမပြားႏိုင္ျခင္းႏွင့္ ႏွလံုးေရာဂါ ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ ေရာဂါအႏၲရာယ္မ်ား ႀကံဳေတြ႕ရတတ္ပါသည္။ ထိုလကၡဏာမ်ားျဖစ္ေပၚပါက သားဖြားႏွင့္မီးယပ္ဆရာဝန္ႏွင့္ ျပသသင့္ၿပီး ေဟာ္မုန္းပမာဏထိန္းညႇိရန္ လိုအပ္ပါသည္။




(၆)လွ်ာ လွ်ာသည္ ပံုမွန္အေရာင္အဆင္းမဟုတ္ဘဲ အျဖဴေရာင္ ေဆးသုတ္ထားသကဲ့သို႔ ျဖဴဆြတ္ဆြတ္ျဖစ္ေနပါက အိပ္ေမာက်ေနစဥ္ အတြင္း အစာအိမ္မွအစာမ်ား ေနာက္ျပန္ဖိတ္စင္မႈေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္ ဟု ေဒါက္တာဖ႐ိုင္ဟိုမာကဆိုသည္။ ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ အစာမ်ိဳျပြန္ ေအာက္ေျခရွိ တစ္ဖက္ပြင့္အဆို႔ရွင္သည္ အစာအိမ္အတြင္းသို႔ ေရာက္ၿပီးေသာအစာမ်ားကို ေနာက္ျပန္မဖိတ္စင္ေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္ေပး သည္။ ထိုအဆို႔ရွင္မလံုေသာအခါ အစာေျခအက္ဆစ္မ်ား ခံတြင္း ဘက္သို႔ေနာက္ျပန္ဖိတ္စင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ လည္ေခ်ာင္းကြဲၿပီး လွ်ာမွာ လည္း အက္ဆစ္မ်ားျဖင့္ ဖံုးအုပ္ေနကာ အျဖဴေရာင္ျဖစ္၍ ခံတြင္းန႔ံ လည္း ဆိုးရြားေနပါလိမ့္မည္။ ထိုေရာဂါလကၡဏာကို ေပ်ာက္ကင္းေစရန္ အက္ဆစ္ ေျပေဆးေသာက္သံုးျခင္း၊ (သို႔မဟုတ္)အက္ဆစ္မ်ားေသာ အစား အစာ၊ ပူစပ္ေသာအစားအစာတို႔ကို ေရွာင္ၾကဥ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ကုသႏိုင္ ပါသည္။ မသက္သာပါက ဆရာဝန္ႏွင့္ျပသရန္လိုအပ္ၿပီး ခႏၶာကိုယ္ အတြင္းမွ အက္ဆစ္ထုတ္လုပ္မႈေလွ်ာ့ခ်ရန္ေဆးဝါးမ်ား ေသာက္သံုး သင့္ပါသည္။



(၇)မ်က္စိ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံတြင္ ႐ုတ္တရက္ မ်က္ကြင္းညိဳလာတတ္ပါ သည္။ မ်က္ကြင္းညိဳရျခင္းတြင္ အေၾကာင္းအရင္းမ်ားစြာရွိတတ္ပါ သည္။ ညဥ့္နက္သန္းေခါင္တိုင္ေအာင္ အလုပ္လုပ္ရေသာအခါတြင္ လည္း မ်က္ကြင္းညိဳတတ္ပါသည္။ ထိုသို႔မဟုတ္ပါလွ်င္ ႐ုတ္တရက္ မ်က္ကြင္းညိဳလာမႈသည္ ဓာတ္မထည့္မႈေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ လူ႔ ခႏၶာကိုယ္သည္ ဓာတ္မတည့္ပစၥည္းႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ဆံုပါက ဟစၥတမင္း ဟူသည့္ ဓာတုပစၥည္းတစ္မ်ိဳးထြက္ရွိပါသည္။ ထိုဓာတုပစၥည္းသည္ ေသြးေၾကာမ်ားကို ေသြးႏွင့္အျခားအရည္မ်ားျဖင့္ ေဖာေရာင္ေစၿပီး အေရျပား၏ အပါးလႊာဆံုးေနရာတြင္ အမည္းကြက္မ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚေစပါ သည္။ ထိုသို႔ မ်က္ကြင္းညိဳလာပါက အေရျပားဆိုင္ရာ စစ္ေဆးမႈ ျပဳလုပ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ မ်က္ကြင္းညိဳျခင္းျဖစ္ေစေသာ ဓာတ္မတည့္သည့္ ပစၥည္းကို သိရွိကုသႏိုင္ပါသည္။ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံတြင္ မ်က္သားအျဖဴေပၚ၌ အနည္းငယ္ၾကြတက္ ေနေသာ အဖုေလးေတြ႕ရတတ္ပါသည္။ သာမန္အားျဖင့္ အႏၲရာယ္မရွိ ေသာ မ်က္သားတက္ျခင္းျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ ေနေရာင္၊ ေလ၊ ဖုန္မႈန္႔မ်ား ေၾကာင့္ ဆက္သြယ္တစ္႐ႈးမ်ား အလြန္အမင္းႀကီးထြားလာျခင္းျဖစ္ သည္ဟု မ်က္စိအထူးကုေဒါက္တာ ထေရစီဂိုးစတိန္းက ဆိုပါသည္။ ထိုအဖုေလး ဆက္လက္ႀကီးထြားမလာေစရန္ မ်က္စိစိုစြတ္ ေနေစမည့္ မ်က္စဥ္းကို အသံုးျပဳရမည္ျဖစ္ၿပီး အျပင္ထြက္လွ်င္ ေနကာ မ်က္မွန္တပ္ရန္ လိုအပ္ပါသည္။ နံနက္ခင္းမ်က္ႏွာသစ္ၿပီးခ်ိန္တိုင္းတြင္ မ်က္ခံုးေမြးႏႈတ္႐ံု၊ ဝက္ၿခံညႇစ္႐ံုသာမျပဳလုပ္ဘဲ မိမိခႏၶာကိုယ္အစိတ္အပိုင္းမ်ားကို ၾကည့္႐ႈ စစ္ေဆးေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ အေရးႀကီးေသာ က်န္းမာေရးဆိုင္ရာ သတင္း အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကို ရွာေဖြၾကည့္ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ။



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ဟဲလို အလုပ္ !!

Written By Yannaingsoe





အလုပ္ရွာေနၾကသူမ်ား ( ဓါတ္ပုံ)



ဒီေန.ေတာ.ကိစၥေလးရွိတာနဲ႕ Labour ရုံးသြားရင္းနဲ႕ ဒီပို႕စ္ ေလးကိုေရးဖို႕စိတ္ကူးေပၚလာတာနဲ႕ ဗဟုသုတရေအာင္ေရးျဖစ္တာ။ အဂၤလိပ္လို hello work လို႕ေခၚတဲ႕ရုံးေတြ ဟာ ဂ်ပန္အလုပ္သမားဝန္ၾကီး႒ာန လက္ေအာက္ခံရုံးေတြပါ။ ဂ်ပန္ႏုိင္ငံ တိုက်ဳိျမိဳ႕တြင္ ျမိဳ႕နယ္ေပါင္း ( ၂၃ ) ျမိဳ႕နယ္ ရွိျပီး ( ၁၇ ) ရပ္ကြက္တြင္ ရုံးေပါင္း ( ၁၈ ) ရုံး ဖြင့္လွစ္ထားျပီး ဂ်ပန္လူမ်ဳိးေရာ နုိင္ငံျခားသားမ်ား ကိုပါအလုပ္အကိုင္ရွာေဖြေပးေနတာပါ။




နုိင္ငံျခားသားမ်ားအေနျဖင့္ ေနထိုင္ခြင့္ ဗီဇာအမ်ိဳးအစားေပါင္း ေျမာက္မ်ားစြာရွိသည္႕အတြက္ အလုပ္လုပ္ကိုင္ခြင့္ကိုကန္႕သတ္ထားေသာ မွီခို၊ work permit ၊ သံတမန္၊ Investor( Business ) ႏွင့္ ေက်ာင္းသား ဗီဇာမွလြဲ၍ အခ်ား ဗီဇာအမ်ဳိးအစားမ်ားမွာ ဂ်ပန္စာ၊ မိမိကၽြမ္းက်င္ေသာအလုပ္ႏွင့္ ေနာက္ခံပညာအရည္အခ်င္းေပၚမူတည္ျပီး ဂ်ပန္လူမ်ဳိးမ်ားႏွင့္ တန္းတူ အလုပ္အကိုင္ရွာေဖြႏုိင္၏။




ဂ်ပန္စာ ႏွင့္ စကားကိုေကာင္းစြာနားလည္သူမ်ားအေနျဖင့္ မိမိကိုယ္တိုင္ ကြန္ျပဴတာျဖင့္ရွာေဖြႏုိင္ျပီး၊ နားမလည္သူမ်ားကိုေတာ႕ ဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားက ကာယကံရွင္ၾကိဳက္ႏွစ္သက္ေသာအလုပ္ကို ရွာေဖြေပးပါတယ္။ ဂ်ပန္ႏုိင္ငံတြင္ေနထိုင္ေသာ နုိင္ငံျခားသားတိုင္း နုိင္ငံျခားသားကဒ္ ( Certificate of alien registration card ) မျဖစ္မေန လုပ္ရပါတယ္။ လူဝန္မႈ႕ၾကည္ၾကပ္ေရး ႏွင့္ ရဲဝန္ထမ္းေတြက လိုအပ္လို႕စစ္ေဆးရင္ လြယ္ကူေအာင္ပါ။




Labour ေလဘာရုံး ရဲ႕ registration card မလုပ္ရေသးသူမ်ားအေနနဲ႕ ပထမဦးဆုံး နုိင္ငံျခားသားကဒ္ကိုျပျပီး reception counter မွာ registration cardကို လုပ္ရပါမယ္။ နိုင္ငံျခားဘြဲ႕လက္မွတ္ကိုင္ေဆာင္ထားသူမ်ားအေနျဖင့္ consultation counter တြင္ မိမိႏွင့္သင့္ေတာ္ေသာ အလုပ္ကိုတိုင္ပင္ႏုိင္၏။ ျမန္မာနုိင္ငံ ႏွင့္ နိုင္ငံျခားေက်ာင္းမ်ားဘြဲ႕လက္မွတ္ကိုင္ေဆာင္ျပီး Language school Visa ကိုင္ေဆာင္ထားသူမ်ားအေနျဖင့္ အလုပ္တခုတည္းရရွိေရးအတြက္မဟုတ္ပဲ ေနထိုင္ခြင့္ပါေပးေသာ Company ကိုအဓိကထားျပီးရွာေဖြရမွာပါ။ မိမိၾကိဳက္ႏွစ္သက္ေသာအလုပ္၏ ေၾကာ္ျငာစာရြက္ႏွင့္ hello work ၏မိတ္ဆက္စာရြက္ ကိုပူးတြဲယူေဆာင္ျပီး Company တြင္ Interview လုပ္ရ၏။ တစ္ၾကိမ္တြင္ Company (3) ခု စာ Print out ထုတ္ယူခြင့္ရွိ၏။




လခစားႏွင့္ Part time အလုပ္ဟူ၍ ၂ မ်ဳိးရွိျပီး၊ လခစားတြင္ ၁။ Permanent ႏွင့္ ၂။ contract ဟူ၍ ( ၂ ) မ်ဳိးရွိ၏။ Permanent လခစားအလုပ္ခန္႕အပ္ျခင္းခံရလွ်င္ အနိမ္႕ဆုံး တလ ( ၁၈၀၀၀၀ ) ယန္း + (ပင္စင္စုေဆာင္းေငြ+ က်မ္းမာေရးအာမခံ+ ဝင္ေငြခြန္+ေနထိုင္ခြန္)+ bonus တႏွစ္ ( ၂) ၾကိမ္။ ပင္စင္စုေဆာင္းေငြသည္ အသက္ ၆၅ ႏွစ္ျပည္႕လွ်င္ အစိုးရက ထုတ္ေပး၏။ Contract လခစား ကေတာ႕ Permanent လခစားႏွင့္ ခံစားခြင့္တူေသာ္လည္း Contract ျပည္႕လွ်င္အလုပ္ထြြက္ရ၏။ Part time အလုပ္ကေတာ႕ နာရီေၾကးမွလြဲ၍ ခံစားခြင့္မရွိေပ။ အလုပ္လုပ္သူတိုင္း ဝင္ေငြ၏ ၅% အစိုးရကိုေဆာင္ရ၏။ တိုက်ဳိျမိဳ႕တြင္ ေစ်းအေပါဆုံး နာရီေၾကးမွာ 800 yen/ hour ( 10 USD ) ခန္႕ျဖစ္၏။




အရည္အခ်င္းမျပည္႕သူမ်ားႏွင့္ ကံမေကာင္းၾကေသာ သူမ်ားကေတာ႕ ပုဂၢလိကအလုပ္အကိုင္ရွာေဖြေရး Company မ်ားတြင္ဗီဇာရရွိေရးအတြက္ အလုပ္ဝင္ၾက၏။ လစာအလြန္နဲေသာ္လည္းပုံမွန္ရ၏၊ အလုပ္အကိုင္အတည္တက်မရွိ။ တဆင့္ျပန္ငွားေသာ company ၏အလုပ္ရွိေသာေနရာသြားရ၏။




ေနာက္တမ်ဳိးမွာ company တြင္အမွန္တကယ္အလုပ္မလုပ္ပဲ ဗီဇာသက္သက္ ဝယ္ျခင္းျဖစ္၏။ ဗီဇာသက္တမ္းတိုးတိုင္း company အားပိုက္ဆံေပးရ၏။ အလုပ္ကိုေတာ႕မိမိၾကိဳက္ႏွစ္သက္ရာေနရာတြင္လုပ္ႏုိင္၏။ ရဲႏွင့္ လဝက ကဖမ္းမိလွ်င္ တိုင္းျပည္ျပန္ရ၏။




ေက်ာင္းသားအလုပ္လုပ္ကိုင္ခြင့္ကိုေအာက္တြင္ေဖၚျပထားပါတယ္။ ဘာသာျပန္ရန္ အခ်ိန္မရွိေတာ႕၍ အဂၤလိပ္ လိုတင္တာကိုေတာ႕ခြင့္လႊတ္ေပးပါ။

Many foreign students choose to do part-time work to help pay their tuition or living expenses. In fact, seven out of ten foreign students are engaged in some type of part-time work in Japan (Source: JASSO survey). However, please note that because your status of residence is that of College Student or Pre-college Student, you are fundamentally prohibited to work in Japan without getting the necessary permit. Therefore, before you do any part-time work, please make sure to get a "Permit to Engage in Activity other than that Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted" from your regional immigration bureau. The items you should take note of in order to engage in part-time work are as follows:
First, get a permit to work from the immigration bureau
The first thing you need to do is get a "Permit to Engage in Activity other than that Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted" from the nearest regional immigration bureau.

You can get the application form at the regional immigration bureau counter. When filing your application, you will need to take four documents with you. They are, the "Engaging in Activities other than that Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted" application form, your passport (you only need to show it), a copy of your alien registration card and a sub-application (provided by your school).
There is a limit on the number of hours you can do part-time work
There is a limit on your working hours according to your status of residence. Please make sure that you stay within the prescribed limit.
Full-time students at a university (undergraduate or post graduate) or similar educational institutes as well as students of colleges of technology and special training colleges Within 28 hours a week (8-hours a day during long school breaks such as summer vacation)
Research students who mainly audit classes or are auditors Within 14 hours a week (8-hours a day during long school breaks such as summer vacation)
Pre-college students Within 4 hours a day
There is a restriction on the type of work you can engage in
It is strictly prohibited for foreign students to work in an entertainment service establishment that may affect public morals such as bars or cabarets where you serve customers at the table. This includes even doing dishwashing or cleaning work at pachinko or mahjong parlors.
How to find part-time work
The following are some of the ways in which you can find part-time work:
  1. Through the student affairs office at your university or school
  2. Through newspaper ads and employment magazines
  3. Through public employment security offices (called "Hello Work")
  4. Through public employment security offices (called "Hello Work")
  5. Through newspaper ads and employment magazines
  6. Through public employment security offices (called "Hello Work")
  7. Through public employment security offices (called "Hello Work")

Source: http://www.dagonuniversityfriends.org

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ကလီယိုပါထရာထက္ ပိုလွသြားမယ္

Written by ၀င္းႏုိင္ဦး


ဒီတစ္ပတ္မွာေတာ႕ အလွအပေရးရာ ဘာညာသာရကာ စပ္မိရာေလးေတြကို တင္ဆက္ လိုက္ပါတယ္ ၊ မ်က္ႏွာမွာလိမ္းဖို႕ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ မ်က္နွာဖုံး (mask) ေလးေတြလိုမ်ိဳး လုပ္ျပီး ထိန္းသိမ္းတဲ႕နည္းေတြကို ေနာက္အလ်ဥ္းသင္႕တဲ႕ အခါမွာ ဆက္တင္ေပးပါ႕မယ္.. မ်က္နွာသစ္ဖို႕ နည္းလမ္းေလးေတြကို တင္ဆက္လိုက္ပါတယ္ ။



၁. ဆန္ေဆးေရနဲ႕မ်က္နွာသစ္ပါ



သိပ္လြယ္ျပီး မထူးဆန္းတဲ႕ ပစၥည္းမို႕ ေနာက္ေျပာင္ျပီး ေျပာေနတာလားလို႕ေတာင္ ထင္ေကာင္း ထင္ပါလိမ္႕မယ္ ဒါေပမယ္႕ ဂ်ပန္ ၊ ကိုရီးယား နဲ႕ဗီယက္နမ္ တို႕မွာ ဒီနည္းကို သုံးေနတာ ရာစုႏွစ္ေပါင္း မ်ားစြာရွိေနျပီလို႕ သိရပါတယ္ ၊ ျဖဴေဖြးေနေအာင္ ဖြတ္ျပီးသားဆန္ထက္ ပိုျပီး အေမွးခြံေလးေတြ ရွိေနတဲ႕ ဆန္က ပိုေကာင္းပါတယ္ ၊ အဲဒီအေမွးခြံေလးေတြမွာ အသားအေရ အတြက္ေကာင္းတဲ႕ အဟာရဓါတ္ေတြ ပိုျပီးပါ၀င္ေနလို႕ပါပဲ ၊ အဲဒီမွာပါတဲ႕ Phytic acid ဆိုတဲ႕ဓါတ္ဟာ အသားအေရကို ေကာင္းေစတဲ႕ antioxidant တစ္မ်ိဳးျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။



ဆန္ေဆးေရနဲ႕ မ်က္နွာသစ္တဲ႕အတြက္ သီတင္းပတ္ အနည္းငယ္အတြင္းမွာပဲ အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးေတြ ရနိုင္ပါတယ္၊ အဲဒါေတြကေတာ႕ မ်က္နွာမွာ အေရးအေၾကာင္းေတြ မေပၚလာဖို႕ တားဆီးေပးတယ္ ၊ အစက္အေပ်ာက္ေတြကို ေပ်ာက္ကင္းေစတယ္ ၊ ေမႊးညွင္းေပါက္ကေလးေတြရဲ႕ အတြင္းပိုင္းအထိ သန္႕ရွင္းေစတယ္ ၊ အေရျပားေပၚက အဆီဓါတ္ ထုတ္လုပ္မွဳကို မွန္ကန္ေစတယ္ ၊ ေခ်ာေမြ႕ စိုေျပျပီး ျဖဴေဖြး၀င္းပေစပါတယ္ ( prevent wrinkles, heal blemishes, deep cleanses the pores, regulates oil secretion, and smoothes and moisturizes the complexion.) ။



ဂ်ပန္အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြက အသားအေရ ထိန္းသိမ္းဖို႕ ေရခ်ိဳးတဲ႕အခါ ေရစိမ္ကန္ထဲကို အ၀တ္္နဲ႕ ထုပ္ထားတဲ႕ ဆန္အိပ္ေသးေသးေလးေတြ ၾကိဳတင္ထည္႕ထားျပီးမွ အဲဒီေရနဲ႕ ေရစိမ္ခ်ိဳးၾကပါတယ္ ၊ ေရခ်ိဳးဖို႕သုံးတဲ႕ ဆန္ထုပ္ကေလးေတြကို အလြယ္တကူ ၀ယ္လို႕ ရနိုင္တယ္လို႕ သိရပါတယ္ ။



ကိုရီးယားမေလးေတြကေတာ႕ ဆန္ေဆးေရနဲ႕ မ်က္ႏွာသစ္ၾကတယ္ ၊ က်ေနာ္ ကိုယ္တိုင္လည္း ကိုရီးယားရုပ္သံ အင္တာဗ်ဴး တခ်ိဳ႕မွာ ၾကည္႕ရပါတယ္ ၊ အလွဖန္တီးရွင္ ေတြကလည္း ဆန္ေဆးေရနဲ႕မ်က္နွာသစ္တာ ေကာင္းတယ္ဆိုတဲ႕အေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကတယ္ ၊ အခု အေနာက္နိုင္ငံေတြမွာ ေတာင္မွ ကိုရီးယားေတြလိုပဲ ဆန္ေဆးေရနဲ႕ မ်က္ႏွာသစ္တာ ေခတ္စားေနတယ္ ၊ အံ႕ၾသစရာ ေကာင္းတာကေတာ႕ က်ေနာ္တို႕ အာရွ အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြက အေနာက္ နိုင္ငံေတြကေန ထုတ္တဲ႕ အလွကုန္ ပစၥည္းေတြကို မက္မက္ေမာေမာ သုံးေနၾကတဲ႕ အခ်ိန္မွာ အေနာက္နိုင္ငံသူေတြက အေရွ႕တိုင္းရိုးရာ သဘာ၀ အသားအေရ ထိန္းသိမ္းနည္းေတြကို ျပန္သုံးေနၾကတယ္ ။



ကိုရီးယားေတြ ကေတာ႕ ဆန္နဲ႕ထမင္းကို ေနရာတိုင္းမွာ အေလးထားၾကတယ္ ၊ နိုင္ငံျခားသားေတြ ထမင္းစားၾကတဲ႕အခါ စားမကုန္လို႕ ပန္းကန္ထဲမွာ ဟင္းေတြက်န္ေနရင္ ဘာမွမေျပာတတ္ေပမယ္႕ ၊ ထမင္းေတြ က်န္ေနခဲ႕ရင္ မၾကိဳက္ၾကဘူး ၊ အဲဒီလိုပဲ ဆန္ေဆးေရကိုလည္း က်ိဳျပီးေသာက္ၾကတယ္ ၊ ထမင္းက ေပါင္းအိုးေတြနဲ႕ပဲ ခ်က္ၾကေတာ႕ ထမင္းေရ မရေတာ႕တာလဲ ျဖစ္နိုင္ပါတယ္ ၊ ဆန္ေဆးေရကို ျပန္က်ိဳျပီး ထမင္းေစ႕နည္းနည္း ထည္႕လိုက္တဲ႕အခါ ထမင္းေရလို ျဖစ္သြားတယ္ ၊ အဲဒါကို အေကာင္းထားျပီး ေသာက္ၾကတယ္ ။



ကိုရီးယားလူမ်ိဳး လူၾကီးေတြက ေျပာၾကတယ္ ၊ ေတာင္ေျမာက္ကိုရီးယားစစ္ပြဲကာလ ( ၁၉၅၀ - ၅၃ ) နဲ႕ စစ္ပြဲ အျပီးမွာ စားစရာမရွိတဲ႕အတြက္ စားလို႕ရတဲ႕ အရြက္ေတြမွန္သမွ်ကို ခူးျပီးျပဳတ္စားခဲ႕ရတယ္ ၊ ထမင္းကို စားခ်င္ေပမယ္႕ ဆန္လည္း မရွိခဲ႕ဘူး ၊ အဲဒါကို သူတို႕ ခုထိအအမွတ္ထင္ထင္ ရွိေနၾကတုန္းပဲ ၊ အဲဒါေၾကာင္႕ ဆန္နဲ႕ထမင္းကို သူတို႕သိပ္ျပီးတန္ဘိုးထားၾကတယ္ ၊ အဲဒီတုန္းက ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံဟာ ခ်မ္းသာၾကြယ္၀ခဲ႕ပုံရတယ္ ၊ ကူညီမွဳေပးတဲ႕အေနနဲ႕ ကိုရီးယားကို ဆန္အိပ္ေတြ ေပးပို႕ ကူညီခဲ႕တယ္ ၊ လွဴခဲ႕တယ္ ၊ အဲဒါကိုလည္း သူတို႕ ခုထိ သတိရေနတုန္းပါပဲ ၊ သယံဇာတရယ္လို႕ ဘာမွ မယ္မယ္ရရ မထြက္ ၊ စုိက္ပ်ိဳးစရာ ေျမဧရိယာ မ်ားမ်ားစားစား မရွိတဲ႕ နိုင္ငံက ခုေတာ႕ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုးတက္ေနပါျပီ ၊ က်ေနာ္႕လိုမ်ိဳး ဘြဲ႕ရလူငယ္ေတာ္ေတာ္ မ်ားမ်ားကေတာ႕ ဒီကိုလာျပီး အလုပ္သမားလုပ္ေနၾကရပါျပီ ၊ ကဲ ..ကဲ က်ေနာ္ မဆိုင္တာေတြ ေျပာေနမိသလို ျဖစ္ေနျပီ ဒီမွာပဲရပ္ျပီး မ်က္နွာ အသားအေရ ထိန္းသိမ္းဖို႕ေလးကို ဆက္ေျပာမယ္ေနာ္..



ဗီယက္နမ္ မေလးေတြ ဆန္ေဆးေရကိုသုံးျပီး ဘယ္လို အသားအေရ ထိန္းသိမ္းတယ္ ဆိုတာ က်ေနာ္မသိခဲ႕ပါဘူး ဒါေပမယ္႕ youtube မွာ တင္ထားတဲ႕ Video ေလးကို က်ေနာ္ၾကည္႕လိုက္ရပါတယ္ ၊ အဲဒါေလးက က်ေနာ္႕ထက္ပိုျပီး ေျပာျပနိုင္ပါလိမ္႕မယ္ ၊ အဲဒီမွာ မစ္ခ်ယ္ဖန္း ဆိုတဲ႕ ဗိ်ဳင္းမေလးက ဆန္ေဆးေရကို အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး သုံးနိုင္ေအာင္ တင္ဆက္ထားပါတယ္ ၊ ေအာက္မွာ link ေလး ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္ ။



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByP2YvqfnnI



က်ေနာ္တို႕ဆီမွာက ဗီယက္နမ္ မေလးေတြကို ဗ်ိဳင္းမေလးေတြ လို႕ ေခၚၾကတယ္ဗ်.. ျဖဴလို႕ရယ္ ၊ ဗီယက္နမ္ဆိုေတာ႕ ဗလယ္ခ်ိဳင္႕ အကၡရာကို သုံးခ်င္တာေၾကာင္႕ရယ္ ျဖစ္မယ္ထင္တယ္ ၊ ဖိလစ္ပင္း မေလးေတြက်ေတာ႕ ဖားမေလးေတြတဲ႕ ၊ မြန္ဂိုမေလးေတြ ကိုက်ေတာ႕ ျမင္းမေလးေတြ တဲ႕ ( မြန္ဂိုေတြက ျမင္းေတြေမြးၾကလို႕) ၊ ဥဇဘက္ ကစၥတန္ မေလးေတြကိုေတာ႕ ဘဲဥမေလးေတြတဲ႕ ၊ ကိုယ္႕ျမန္မာကိုယ္က်ေတာ႕ ေရႊမေလးေတြေပါ႕ဗ်ာ ၊ ကိုယ္႕အတြက္ က်ေတာ႕ အေကာင္းကို ေရြးတတ္ၾကတယ္ဗ်ေနာ ။



က်ေနာ္ဖတ္ခဲ႕ဖူးတဲ႕ ဆန္ရဲ႕ အစြမ္းသတၱိေလး အေၾကာင္းကို မွ်ေ၀ခ်င္ပါေသးတယ္ ၊ တစ္ခါက ဆာေက အရက္ခ်က္စက္ရုံ တစ္ခုကို ေရာက္သြားတဲ႕သူ တစ္ေယာက္ဟာ အဲဒီစက္ရုံက အလုပ္သမား တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ရဲ႕ လက္ေတြဟာ အံ႕ၾသေလာက္ေအာင္ နုနယ္ ပ်ိဳျမစ္ေနတာကို သတိျပဳမိလိုက္ပါတယ္ ၊ အၾကီးဆုံး အလုပ္သမားၾကီးဟာ ဆိုရင္ မ်က္နွာေပၚမွာ ဇရာရဲ႕ အေရးအေၾကာင္းေတြ ကိုေတာင္ ျမင္ေနရပါျပီ ဒါေပမယ္႕ သူ႕ရဲ႕လက္ကေတာ႕ အသက္ ၃၀ အရြယ္ လူရြယ္ တစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ လက္လိုပဲ နဳပ်ိဳျပီး ေခ်ာေမြ႕ေနပါတယ္ ၊ ဒါနဲ႕ပဲ သူတို႕အလုပ္လုပ္တဲ႕ ေနရာကို လိုက္ျပီးၾကည္႕တဲ႕ အခါ အရက္ခ်က္တဲ႕ အခါမွာ သုံးတဲ႕ စိမ္ေရရဖို႕ ဆန္ေတြကို ေရစိမ္ရတဲ႕ ေနရာ ျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္ ၊ သူတို႕ရဲ႕ လက္ေတြဟာ အဲဒီဆန္စိမ္တဲ႕ေရေတြနဲ႕ အျမဲလိုလို ထိေတြ႕ေနရတဲ႕ အတြက္ လက္ေတြခ်ည္းပဲ နဳပ်ိဳ ေခ်ာေမြ႕ေနတယ္လို႕ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။



ဆန္ေဆးေရကို မ်က္နွာသစ္ဖို႕ ယူမယ္ဆိုရင္ ဆန္ကို ပထမဆုံး ေဆးလိုက္တဲ႕ေရမွာ ဖုန္ေတြ အမွိဳက္ေတြ ပါနိုင္တာမို႕ ဒုတိယ အၾကိမ္ ေဆးတဲ႕ေရေလာက္ကို ယူျပီး သုံးသင္႕ပါတယ္ ၊ လုပ္ရတာလဲ မခက္လို႕ မၾကာခဏ သုံးၾကပါလို႕ တိုက္တြန္းလိုပါတယ္ ။



၂. ေရေႏြးၾကမ္းေရနဲ႕ မ်က္နွာသစ္ပါ



မထူးဆန္တဲ႕ ေနာက္တစ္မ်ိဳးပါ ၊ လုပ္ရတာလည္းလြယ္ပါတယ္ ၊ ေရေႏြးၾကမ္းဟာ အသားအေရ အတြက္ ေကာင္းတယ္လို႕ မၾကာခဏ ေျပာခဲ႕ဖူးတဲ႕ အတြက္ ေကာင္းေၾကာင္းကိုေတာ႕ ထပ္ျပီး အေရာင္မတင္ ေတာ႕ပါဘူး ၊ လုပ္နည္းေလးကိုပဲ ေျပာပါမယ္



ပုံမွန္အတိုင္း ေသာက္ဖို႕ က်ိဳထားတဲ႕ေရႏြးၾကမ္းကိုပဲ ယူျပီးလုပ္လို႕ ရပါတယ္ ၊ အေအးခံလိုက္ပါ ၊ လက္ဖက္ေျခာက္ဖတ္ေတြကို ဖယ္ထုတ္လိုက္ပါ ၊ မ်က္နွာသစ္လို႕ရပါျပီ ။



မ်က္နွာသစ္ေလာက္ေအာင္ မ်ားတဲ႕ ေရေႏြးၾကမ္းပမာဏကို မသုံးခ်င္ဘူးဆိုရင္ ေရစုပ္တဲ႕ အ၀တ္စ သန္႕သန္႕ေလး တစ္ခုကို ယူျပီး ေရေႏြးေရမွာ ႏွစ္လိုက္ မ်က္နွာမွာ ဆြတ္လိုက္ နဲ႕ လုပ္ပါ ၊ ေရေႏြးေရဟာ အ၀တ္စကို စြန္းနိုင္ပါတယ္ ၊ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သန္႕သန္႕ေလးထားခ်င္တဲ႕ အ၀တ္ကို မသုံးမိပါေစနဲ႕ ။



၃. ႏြားနို႕နဲ႕ မ်က္နွာသစ္ပါ



ႏြားနို႕ဟာ အသားအေရအတြက္ ေကာင္းတယ္ဆိုတာကိုေတာ႕ ၾကားဖူးေနက် ျဖစ္မွာပါ ၊ က်ေနာ္ၾကားဖူးတာ တခ်ိဳ႕ကို လက္ဆင္႕ကမ္းလိုက္ပါတယ္ ၊ ကမာၻေပၚမွာ အလွနဲ႕ပတ္သက္ရင္ ကလီယိုပါထရာ (Cleopatra ) ကို သိသူမ်ားလွပါတယ္ ၊ အလွနဲ႕ ပတ္သက္လို႕ တင္စားခ်င္ရင္လည္း သူပါပဲ ၊ ကလီယိုပါထရာရဲ႕ အလွလွ်ိဳ႕၀ွက္ခ်က္ဟာ ႏြားနို႕ ၊ ပ်ားရည္တို႕နဲ႕ ေရခ်ိဳးပါသတဲ႕ ၊ အရင္က နာမည္ၾကီး ျမန္မာ ရုပ္ရွင္မင္းသား တစ္ေယာက္ဟာလည္း ႏြားနို႕နဲ႕ ေရခ်ိဳးတယ္လို႕ တိုးတိုးသတင္းေလး ၾကားခဲ႕ဖူးတယ္ ၊ ဟုတ္တာ မဟုတ္တာေတာ႕ မသိပါဘူး ၊ ေပါက္တတ္ကရ ဗဟုသုတ ေနာက္တစ္ခု ထပ္ေျပာရရင္ ကိုရီးယားမွာ ႏြားနို႕နဲ႕ေရခ်ိဳးေပးတဲ႕ ေနရာေတြ ရွိတယ္ဗ်ိဳ႕ ၊ ေစ်းကေတာ႕ ၾကီးမွၾကီး ၊ အေတြ႕အၾကဳံ အသစ္အဆန္း ေလ႕လာလိုသူေတြကေတာ႕ သြားၾကတယ္ ၊ ဒါေပမယ္႕ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားကေတာ႕ မေရာက္ဖူးၾကပါဘူး က်ေနာ္လည္း မေရာက္ဖူးပါဘူး ၊ ၊ သူမ်ားေျပာတာကိုပဲ နားေထာင္လိုက္ရတာပါ ၊ ခ်ိဳးေပးတဲ႕သူေလးက ဘယ္လိုေလး ၊ ဘယ္လိုခ်ိဳးေပးတယ္ စသည္ျဖင္႕ေပါ႕ ။



ဘယ္လိုပဲ ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ႏြားႏို႕နဲ႕ ကိုယ္႕ဖာသာခ်ိဳးနိုင္ရင္လည္း ေကာင္းတာပါပဲ ၊ တိုင္ကီ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ပုံးၾကီး တစ္ပုံးစာေလာက္ မသုံးလည္း ရပါတယ္ ၊ ေရထဲကို ႏြားနို႕ တစ္ပိႆာေလာက္ ေလာင္းထည္႕ျပီး ခ်ိဳးရင္လည္း ရတာပါပဲ ၊ မ်က္နွာ အတြက္ပဲ ဆိုရင္ေတာ႕ မ်က္နွာသစ္ပါ ဒါဆိုနည္းနည္းပဲလိုမယ္ ၊ ဒီထက္ နည္းနည္းပဲ သုံးခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ႕ အထက္က ေရေႏြးၾကမ္းမွာ လုပ္သလိုပဲ အ၀တ္စေလးနဲ႕ ဆြတ္..ဆြတ္ျပီး မ်က္နွာကို ပြတ္ေပးရမွာပါ ၊ ႏြားနို႕ကို မ်က္နွာေပၚမွာ ေျခာက္သြားသည္အထိ ထားပါ ၊ ျပီးမွ ေရေႏြးေႏြးေလးနဲ႕ မ်က္နွာကို ျပန္ေဆးပါ ၊ နို႕မို႕ဆို ႏြားနို႕ရဲ႕ အနံ႕ေတြ ရေနမွာပါ ၊ အိပ္ေပ်ာ္သြားရင္လည္း ၾကြက္ျဖစ္ေစ ပုရြတ္ဆိတ္ျဖစ္ေစ လာကိုက္နိုင္ပါတယ္ ၊ မအိ္ပ္ခင္မွာ ႏြားနို႕နဲ႕ မ်က္နွာသစ္ခဲ႕ရင္ အိပ္ယာက ထတဲ႕ အခါမွာ မ်က္နွာဟာ လုံး၀ နူးညံ႕သန္႕စင္ေနတယ္လို႕ သုံးဖူးသူေတြက ေျပာၾကပါတယ္ ။



ႏြားနို႕ကို သုံးတဲ႕အခါ အဆီထုတ္ျပီးသား ႏြားနို႕ထက္ အဆီျပည္႕ သဘာ၀ ႏြားနို႕က ပိုေကာင္းပါတယ္ ၊ ျဖစ္နိုင္ရင္ နို႕ခ်ဥ္က ပိုလို႕ေတာင္ ေကာင္းေသးတယ္လို႕ ဆိုပါတယ္ ၊ ဒီလို ေတြ႕လို႕ပါ (sour milk has a type of carboxylic acid that helps in regenerating your skin cells..helps it heals much faster..) နိဳ႕ခ်ဥ္မွာပါတဲ႕ ဘာဘိုဆိုင္လစ္ အက္ဆစ္ တစ္မ်ိဳးက ပ်က္စီးသြားတဲ႕ အေရျပားဆဲလ္ေတြကို ပုိျပီး ျမန္ျမန္ ဆန္ဆန္ ေကာင္းမြန္ေစပါသတဲ႕ ၊ ဒါေၾကာင္႕ပါ ၊ မ်က္ႏွာေပၚမွာ မလိမ္းရဲေသးရင္လည္း လက္ေပၚကေနရာ တစ္ခုခုမွာ စမ္းလိမ္းၾကည္႕ျပီး ေကာင္းတယ္ဆိုမွ မ်က္နွာမွာ ပြတ္လိမ္းပါ ။



ႏြားနို႕ရဲ႕ထူးျခားခ်က္ကေတာ႕ ေသာက္ရင္ ၀က္ျခံေတြကို ပိုျပီးျဖစ္တတ္ပါသတဲ႕ ၊ လိမ္းရင္ေတာ႕ ေပ်ာက္ကင္းပါသတဲ႕ခင္ဗ်ာ ၊ ေသာက္ရင္ ၀က္ျခံျဖစ္တတ္တာက ႏြားနို႕မွာ ၊ အထူးသျဖင္႕ ကိုယ္၀န္ေဆာင္ ေနရတဲ႕ ႏြားမၾကီးကေန ရတဲ႕ ႏြားနို႕မွာ androgen hormone ပါေနတဲ႕အတြက္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ၊ အဲဒီေဟာ္မုန္းက ၀က္ျခံကိုပြားေစပါတယ္ ၊ ႏြားနို႕ကို လိမ္းျခင္း အားျဖင္႕ မ်က္နွာေပၚက အမာရြတ္ေတြကို ျဖည္းျဖည္းခ်င္း မွိန္ေဖ်ာ႕ေစတယ္ ၊ အသားအေရကို သဘာ၀အတိုင္း စိုေျပ ၀င္းလက္ ေခ်ာေမြ႕ ေစျပီး အရြယ္တင္ေစပါတယ္ နို႕ေရာင္သန္းျပီး ျဖဴေဖြးတဲ႕ အသားအေရ Milky white skin ကို ရရွိနိုင္ပါတယ္ ၊ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႕ သိတဲ႕အတိုင္းပဲေလ အသားအေရက စကၠဴတစ္ခ်ပ္လို ျဖဴရုံပဲ ျဖဴေနရင္လည္း ၾကည္႕မေကာင္းဘူး မဟုတ္လား ၊ Milky white , Creamy white ေလးကမွ ၾကည္႕ေကာင္းတာ မဟုတ္လား ။



ေျပာဖို႕ တစ္ခု ေမ႕က်န္ခဲ႕တယ္ဗ်ာ ႏြားနို႕ စစ္စစ္ရဖို႕ မလြယ္ကူရင္ နို႕မွဳန္႕ကို ေရေဖ်ာ္ျပီး သုံးရင္လည္း ရပါသတဲ႕ ၊ အဲလိုသုံးတဲ႕ သူေတြလည္း ရွိပါတယ္ ။



၄. မုန္လာထုပ္ ( ေဂၚဖီထုပ္ ) ျပဳတ္တဲ႕ အရည္နဲ႕ မ်က္ႏွာသစ္ပါ



အိမ္မွာ အတို႕ အျမွဳပ္ေေတြ စားဖို႕ အသီးအရြက္ေတြကို ျပဳတ္တဲ႕အခါ ျပဳတ္ျပီးသား အရည္ကို သြန္မပစ္ပါနဲ႕ အဲဒီအရည္ကို အေအးခံျပီး မ်က္ႏွာသစ္ရင္ အသားအေရကို ေကာင္းေစပါတယ္ ၊ အထူးသျဖင္႕ေဂၚဖီထုပ္ေပါ႕ သူ႕မွာပါတဲ႕ sulforaphane ( C6H11NOS2 )ဆိုတဲ႕ဓါတ္က အသားအေရ အတြက္ေကာင္းတဲ႕ antioxidant ေတြကို ပြားေစတယ္ ။ ေဂၚဖီထုပ္ နဲ႕ ေဂၚဖီပြင္႕ တို႕မွာ Sulforaphane က ျမင္႕မားစြာ ပါေနတယ္ ၊ ဒါေပမယ္႕ တျခားအသီး အရြက္ေတြ ျဖစ္တဲ႕ ေရကန္ဇြန္းရြက္ မုန္လာဥနီတို႕မွာလည္း ပါေနပါတယ္ ၊ သူက အရည္ကို လိမ္းယုံတင္ ေကာင္းတာ မဟုတ္ပဲ စားရင္လည္း အသားအေရ ကို ေကာင္းေစတာပဲ ၊ ဒါတင္မဟုတ္ေသးဘူး ကင္ဆာ နဲ႕ ဆီးခ်ိဳ ေရာဂါေတြကို လည္း ကာကြယ္ေပးတယ္လို႕ ဆိုပါတယ္ ။ အဲဒီေတာ႕ စားလည္းစား ၊ အရည္လဲ ညွစ္ျပီးေသာက္ ၊ ျပဳတ္စားရင္လည္း အဲဒီအရည္နဲ႕ မ်က္နွာသစ္ပါ ။ က်န္းမာေရးလည္းေကာင္း အသားအေရလည္းေကာင္း အားလုံးေကာင္းသြားပါလိမ္႕မယ္ ။



၅. အစုံေကာင္းတဲ႕ မ်က္ႏွာသစ္ေရ လုပ္ၾကမယ္



ေရ (၈) ခြက္စာေလာက္ကို ၾကိဳခ်က္လိုက္ပါ ၊ ျပီးရင္ ပ်ားရည္ ႏွစ္ဇြန္းေလာက္ ထည္႕ပါ ၊ ျပီးရင္ သခြားသီး ေလးေတြကို အကြင္းလိုက္ အ၀ိုင္းလိုက္ လွီးျပီး ထည္႕ပါ ၊ လက္ဖက္ေျခာက္ နည္းနည္းပါ ထည္႕လိုက္ပါ ၊ လက္ဖက္ေျခာက္က အိပ္နဲ႕ဆိုရင္ ႏွစ္အိပ္ထည္႕ပါ ၊ မ်က္ႏွာက အဆီျပန္တတ္တဲ႕ သူဆိုရင္ သံပုရာသီး တစ္ျခမ္း ဒါမွမဟုတ္ တစ္စိတ္ေလာက္ကို ညွစ္ျပီး ထည္႕လိုက္ပါဦး ၊ ျပီးရင္ တစ္ညသိပ္ထားလိုက္ပါ ၊ မနက္က်ရင္ အဲဒီ အေရနဲ႕ မ်က္နွာသစ္ပါ ၊ ျပီးရင္ အိမ္ျပင္ မထြက္ပါနဲ႕ ထြက္ရင္လည္း မ်က္ႏွာကို အုပ္ျပီးမွ ထြက္ပါ ၊ သိပ္လွျပီး သန္႕သြားလို႕ လူေတြ အမ်ားၾကီး လိုက္ၾကည္႕ၾကမွာမို႕ပါ ။



မ်က္ႏွာသစ္ဖို႕က ဒီေလာက္ဆို ေတာ္ေလာက္ျပီလို႕ ထင္မိပါတယ္ ၊ အထက္မွာ ေရးခဲ႕တဲ႕ နည္းေလးေတြကို သုံးၾကည္႕ျပီး အေတြ႕အၾကဳံေလးေတြ ျပန္ေရးေပးၾကဖို႕ ေမတၱာရပ္ခံပါတယ္ ၊ ေကာင္းတာခ်ည္းပဲ ေရးရမယ္လို႕ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး ၊ က်ေနာ္က စာထဲမွာ ေတြ႕တာေတြကို ေရးလိုက္တာဆိုေတာ႕ သုံးၾကည္႕ျပီးတဲ႕သူေတြရဲ႕ ေျပာစကားဟာလည္း အဖိုးတန္ပါတယ္ ဒါေၾကာင္႕ပါ ။



ျမန္မာညီမငယ္မ်ား ကလီယိုပါထရာထက္ ပိုလွနိုင္ပါေစ…


Source: ဒယ္ဂူးအသံ

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Refugees To Face A High Wall For Settling In Japan

BY KANAKO MIYAJIMA, WATARU NAKANO, KIM SOONHI AND HIROYUKI TAKEI THE ASAHI SHIMBUN

photo

Karen refugees from Myanmar (Burma) boarding a bus from Narita Airport on Tuesday (TAKU HOSOKAWA/ THE ASAHI SHIMBUN)



Arrangements to support the 18 refugees from Myanmar (Burma) who arrived in Japan on Tuesday as part of a UNHCR third-country resettlement program are flawed and may leave them unable to establish normal lives in Japan, according to refugee support workers.



The 18 refugees from three families--all members of the minority Karen tribe--are the first of about 90 refugees due to relocate in Japan under the U.N. refugee agency's resettlement program.



On their arrival at Narita Airport on Tuesday morning, the refugees looked surprised to see photographers in the arrival lobby.



"I am happy to be in Japan, rather than feeling anxiety," one woman said.



They will live in Tokyo and undergo a crash six-month course on living in Japan that officials hope will equip them for a lifestyle that is profoundly different from the one they left behind.



During the first week, they will learn how to use a gas range, electric appliances and garbage disposal rules.



They will then embark on intensive language education and life skills training.



The Refugee Assistance Headquarters, which is affiliated with the Foreign Ministry, will be in charge of the training. At the end of the six months, the refugees will essentially be left to their own devices. They will have to find their own housing and will be expected to secure employment.



Hiroko Sakurai, who heads the nonprofit organization Association for Supporting Refugees' Settlement in Kanagawa Prefecture, said six months of Japanese language training is not sufficient.



"Unless they speak Japanese, they can't get a job," said Sakurai. "Stumbling at the beginning could be a start of a vicious circle--unable to communicate, unable to find a job and unable to make a living."



It is a job of the welfare ministry to offer or introduce jobs. Two counselors from the ministry will work at the facility where the refugees are staying.



But welfare ministry officials say that opportunities for the refugees to access job training may be limited. After the resettlement program finishes, many refugees may find it difficult to find appropriate professional training, the officials said. There are no job training programs aimed specifically at refugees.



Tokyo's Shinjuku Ward, which is home to 1,200 Burmese, has a six-month training program for foreign residents.



Despite the ward's willingness to help with the government's refugee program, one official said the central government had shown little understanding of the municipal government's processes.



The ward office said it received a request from the ministry for help in July. The Refugee Assistance Headquarters began looking for a place for the refugees to live and only secured the accommodation on Sept. 16, just two weeks before the refugees arrived.



A citizens group in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, volunteered to host the refugees during their resettlement and started to organize a symposium on refugees. However, a city official complained that the ministry did not provide detailed information.



Eri Ishikawa, secretary-general of the Japan Association for Refugees, said the government, support organizations and refugees already settled in Japan should have discussed the issue together before the refugees arrived.



Source: The Asahi Shimbun

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Myanmar's Prime Minister Issues Election Warning

YANGON, Myanmar (AP) — Myanmar's prime minister warned citizens to protect the country's image during November elections and to prevent anyone from derailing the first polls in 20 years, state media reported Wednesday.



The Nov. 7 vote is a keystone of what the military-ruled country says is a transition to civilian rule after five decades under the army, although many see it as a means of prolonging its dominance.



"The success of the election is a matter of national dignity and concerns every citizen. Thus, it is necessary to prevent those who are trying to disrupt the election," Prime Minister Thein Sein was quoted saying in comments carried by Myanma Ahlin and the two other state-run newspapers.



State media often accuse "terrorists" or anti-government groups of plotting to disrupt the vote. It was first such warning from a senior official.



Thein Sein did not elaborate on any alleged threat, though the junta's biggest perceived threat is detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Her National League for Democracy opposition party is boycotting elections and Suu Kyi has said through a spokesman that dissatisfied voters have the right not to vote — stopping short of calling for a voter boycott.



The Nobel Peace Prize winner and governments around the world say that restrictive rules governing the elections show it will be unfair and undemocratic.



Suu Kyi's party won the country's last election in 1990 but the junta refused to let the party take power. Suu Kyi has been in jail or under house arrest for 15 of the past 21 years.



Thein Sein also urged voters to choose "patriotic persons and those who will prevent the Union (of Myanmar) from disintegration" when casting ballots. He made the comments at the opening ceremony of a hospital in the Irrawaddy Delta, the area hardest hit by Cyclone Nargis in May 2008, which left 140,000 people dead or missing.



Thein Sein is the leader of the junta-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party which was formed in April after he and 26 other Cabinet officials resigned their military posts to make them eligible to take part in politics.



The USDP is widely expected to win the most votes in the election because its ties with the junta give the party access to easy funding and a nationwide presence.



Source: AP

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Wednesday, September 29, 2010

Hosokawa Pledges More Jobs For Young People

Staff writer


New Health, Labor and Welfare Minister Ritsuo Hosokawa is known for his knowledge of labor issues. Now that he's in the Cabinet, he plans to focus on increasing the employment rate for young workers.



News photo
Focusing on the young: New Health, Labor and Welfare Minister Ritsuo Hosokawa is interviewed Sept. 21. YOSHIAKI MIURA PHOTO



The jobless rate for people between the ages of 15 and 24 has remained particularly high, marking 9.0 percent in July against 5.2 percent for all working-age people, according to the ministry.



"We want to fully support new graduates in particular," the 67-year-old Hosokawa said during a recent interview.



A Lower House member, he served as senior vice minister for a year before the Cabinet was reshuffled Sept. 17.



In Japan, college students start hunting for a job well in advance of graduation, as early as in their junior year. They can't miss this period because once they graduate they are no longer eligible at most companies to apply for a job. Some even pay tuition for an extra year so they can still be officially registered as a student.



"We're going to request that companies consider applications from people up to three years after they graduate," the new minister pledged.



Hosokawa pointed out the government has already started paying subsidies to companies that hire such graduates.



Under the program, a monthly subsidy of ¥100,000 is paid to companies for each one they hire on a three-month trial basis. For those they later take on as regular employees, firms receive an additional ¥500,000 per person.



Companies that hire recent graduates straight away as regular workers get ¥1 million per person, Hosokawa explained.



The labor ministry has already been providing a ¥40,000 subsidy per person to companies hiring new workers on a three-month trial basis.



The new measure, however, is solely for young job seekers who recently graduated from college.



Hosokawa, a former lawyer, is an expert on labor issues. He worked on a revision to the Worker Dispatch Law that would ban sending temporary workers to manufacturing firms.



Temporary factory workers lost their job and housing at the same time when the financial crunch hit Japan in 2008, and many of them became homeless.



The revision is still under deliberation in the Diet.



Another pressing issue for the ministry is whether it can provide the full child allowance for households with children aged 15 or younger that the ruling Democratic Party of Japan promised during the 2009 Lower House election campaign.



Such households are now receiving ¥13,000 a month per child, but many experts doubt if it will be doubled as the DPJ promised given the snowballing government debts.



"I hope we can raise it closer to ¥26,000" in the next fiscal year starting in April, Hosokawa said. "Last year, (the party) promised we will give ¥26,000 in cash."



Prime Minister Naoto Kan has indicated the government may not be able to fully pay the promised amount, while arguing that raising the unpopular consumption tax is one option to cover growing social security costs.



Hosokawa said that he will "work thoroughly on cutting waste" before taxes are raised, adding the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry has been criticized in the past for being particularly wasteful with public money.



Source: The Japan Times


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Passive Smoking Kills 6,800 Annually

Kyodo News


Roughly 6,800 people in Japan are estimated to die every year from lung cancer or heart disease caused by passive smoking, and more than half — around 3,600 — are exposed to secondhand smoke in their workplace, a research team said Tuesday.



About 4,600 of the victims are women, according to the team, which operates under the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry.



"Huge harm is done," said Yumiko Mochizuki, a senior researcher at the National Cancer Center. "The government and employers need to recognize it is their responsibility to protect the health of working people."



Studies by the team and international organizations have shown passive smoking increases the risk of lung cancer and heart disease by 20 to 30 percent. The team's findings are based on this increased risk.



Based on a 2005 survey, the research team estimates that among 76 million nonsmoking adults — 48 million women and 28 million men — 30 percent of the women and 6 percent of the men are exposed to passive smoking in their homes, and 20 percent of the women and 30 percent of the men in their workplaces. The figures include those exposed to secondhand smoke both at home and in the workplace.



The team found in another study that passive smoking caused some 8 percent of 18,000 female deaths and 1 percent of 49,000 male deaths from lung cancer, as well as 9 percent of 34,000 female deaths and 4 percent of 42,000 male deaths from ischemic heart disease, which reduces blood supply to the heart.



The total number of victims in this study came to 4,600 women and 2,200 men, of whom 1,800 women and the same number of men were exposed to secondhand smoke in their workplaces, according to the team.



Source: The Japan Times

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Myanmar Refugees Arrive As Part Of U.N. Program

Move is heralded as opening up Japan's 'restrictive' policy toward asylum seekers


Kyodo News


Eighteen refugees from Myanmar arrived Tuesday in Japan from Thailand, their country of asylum, under the U.N.-promoted third country resettlement program, marking a new phase in Japan's refugee policy that is often labeled as too restrictive.


News photo
The promised land: Myanmar refugees arrive at Narita International Airport on Tuesday under the U.N.-promoted third country resettlement program. KYODO PHOTO


The members of three ethnic Karen families are the first group to arrive following the government's 2008 decision to accept about 90 refugees over three years under a pilot program, which Tokyo says is the first of its kind in Asia.



Twenty-seven Myanmar refugees consisting of five families were scheduled to arrive Tuesday, but nine from two families postponed their departure after two children among them developed a fever.



The 18 refugees appeared tense after arriving at Narita International Airport, but those who spoke to reporters said they were glad to have arrived in Japan.



"I want to grow rice and vegetables," one man said. "The roads in Japan are huge. I would be in trouble if I get lost."



They were greeted in the arrival lobby by Karen people dressed in traditional costumes with red and blue stripes.



"I'm glad to have more company," said Saw Hla Gyi, a 44-year-old Karen man living in Japan. "I'm happy that they can now live in a safer and more secure place, compared to living in the camp."



The refugees, who have lived more than 10 years in the Mera refugee camp in northwestern Thailand near the border with Myanmar, will aim to learn Japanese and find employment to resettle here.



William Barriga, a representative of the International Organization for Migration Japan, or IOM, said the government's decision to take in the refugees under the program is a big step forward in terms of Japan's contribution to the refugee problem worldwide, and that the nation can take a leadership role among Asian countries in this area.



Japan decided to implement the program, promoted by the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, in 2008 as a way to contribute to international humanitarian assistance. Tokyo says it will consider accepting more refugees under the program if the first group resettles successfully.



The 27 refugees were selected through interviews conducted by the Justice Ministry based on a list of candidates prepared by the UNHCR.



"The Justice Ministry will make its best effort so the refugees can live safely in our country," Justice Minister Minoru Yanagida told a news conference Tuesday morning.



The Mera camp, the biggest refugee facility in Thailand, is home to about 50,000 people who fled Myanmar mainly due to armed conflicts between the Myanmar military and Karen National Union rebels.



The refugees underwent a preorientation program organized by the IOM, an intergovernmental organization, in July and August in the camp and have learned how to use money and introduce themselves in Japanese.



They will receive more Japanese lessons and job training for six months in Tokyo before deciding where to live and work.



According to an IOM official, most refugees who wish to resettle under the third country program are education-minded and hope their children can eventually attend universities.




Source: The Japan Times

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Accepting Refugees

Five ethnic Karen families comprising 27 people who fled Myanmar (Burma) and have been living in a refugee camp in Thailand will arrive in Japan on Tuesday to start a new life.



They represent the first batch of refugees that Japan will accept under a third-country resettlement arrangement.



Under this resettlement option, refugees who have fled their homeland because of conflict or oppression to a neighboring country may legally travel to and settle in a third country.



Japan plans to accept up to 90 refugees over three years under this formula.



There are an estimated 15 million refugees around the world. From a humanitarian viewpoint, countries that are at peace and enjoying prosperity have a moral obligation to provide shelter and protection for these people. But the number of people who come to Japan on their own to seek asylum and are recognized as refugees has totaled no more than several dozens per year.



Will the resettlement of Karen refugees lead to a major change in Japan's traditional reluctance to accept refugees?



The five families will spend their first six months in Japan learning the Japanese language and customs at a training center while living in apartments in Tokyo. Job placement services will also be offered to them. But half a year of orientation may not be enough for foreign families arriving in Japan for the first time.



There are limited job opportunities for foreign nationals without much knowledge of Japanese. Even if they receive support from the Burmese community in Japan, the Karen families will face a tough time landing on their feet.



In European countries that accept hundreds of refugees every year for third-country resettlement, local governments are actively involved in efforts to help them settle down in the local community.



The United States, which accepts tens of thousands of refugees annually, offers only a one-month orientation, but well-financed nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) provide solid support for refugee communities.



Japan should also establish a system to aid refugees based on the viewpoint of human development. The system should ensure cooperation among local governments, NGOs, businesses and educational institutions to provide long-term support so that each refugee can achieve his or her full potential.



Unless such a system is established, the hopes of the 27 refugees will soon turn into disappointment.



The government provides more than 10 billion yen ($118 million) each year to help refugees overseas, including those from Afghanistan. It would do good service to the cause if a portion--even a few percent--of that money went to support refugees in Japan.



The government has not been very kind to people who come to Japan for protection. The procedure to be recognized as a refugee is lengthy, and woefully insufficient livelihood support is provided by the government while people wait for recognition. In recent years, an increasing number of asylum-seekers have been placed in holding facilities, adding to their anxiety.



Japan is not a popular destination among people living in refugee camps because of the prospect that they will face a great deal of difficulty here without any guarantee of a better life. On the other hand, every week several hundred Burmese refugees travel to North America for resettlement via Narita Airport in Chiba Prefecture.



The "Japan passing" by refugees is a national disgrace to this Asian industrial country.



The administration of the ruling Democratic Party of Japan clearly needs a new unit in charge of promoting policies to accept refugees. Ministries and agencies concerned have been trying to shuffle off responsibility onto one another, and the current situation looks like an attempt only to develop a track record on accepting refugees using the third-country resettlements.



With its population of children declining, Japan needs to tackle such questions as what kind of immigrants it should accept and how it should try to improve the environment for their life in Japan.



At the heart of the refugee issue is the lack of a national strategy for making Japanese society more open to outsiders.


--The Asahi Shimbun, Sept. 24 (Editorial)


Source: http://www.asahi.com/english/

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Tuesday, September 28, 2010

Waihnin Pwint Thon Speaks For Burma And Political Prisoners At The UK Labour Party Conference

The issue of Political Prisoners and Burma has taken centre stage today at the annual British Labour Party conference being held in Manchester, UK. The short film made about this political prisoner work was shown as an introduction to the most incredible speech ever given in this country by anyone at any political conference or meeting about Burma. Waihnin Pwint Thon, daughter of jailed 88 Generation Student leader Ko Mya Aye, and one of the leading campaigners for Burma and political prisoners in her own right, gave an extraordinarily powerful speech that not only defied her young age, but deserved the lengthy standing ovation it received.

Dressed in white out of memory for her father and his colleagues of the 88 Generation Students, she brought back memories of the famous speech Daw Aung San Suu Kyi delivered at the west gates of the Shwedagon Pagoda on 26th August 1988. Today Waihnin delivered a powerful speech that elevated the issue of Burma to centre stage of the newly formed Labour Party at this most crucial time with elections fast approaching and on the day the UN General Assembly meets to discuss Burma.




Source: http://enigmaimages.wordpress.com/

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ဂ်ပန္တြင္ နတ္ကႏၵားပဲြႀကီး ခ်ိမ့္ခ်ိမ့္သဲ က်င္းပေတာ့မည္ဟု သတင္းမ်ားထြက္ေပၚလ်က္ရွိ

"သေရာ္စာ"

ဖူဂ်ီေတာင္ေျခမွာ..



ဂ်ပန္ေရာက္ ျမန္မာမ်ား၏ စီစဥ္က်င္းပမႈျဖင့္ ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံ ဖူဂ်ီေတာင္ေျခတြင္ ျမန္မာ့ရိုးရာ နတ္ကႏၵားပဲြ ေတာ္ႀကီးကို ခ်ိမ့္ခ်ိမ့္သဲ က်င္းပေတာ့မည္ဟု သိရွိရသည္။ ဂ်ပန္တြင္ ျမန္မာေခတ္ေပၚ စတိတ္ရႈိး၊ အၿငိမ့္၊ ျပ ဇာတ္၊ ရုပ္ေသးပဲြ စသည္တို ့ မၾကာခဏက်င္းပေလ့ရွိခဲ့ရာ ယခုကဲ့သို ့ နတ္ကႏၷားပဲြက်င္းပျခင္းမွာ ပထမဆံုး ျဖစ္သည္။

ဂ်ပန္ကေတာ့ ပထမပါပဲ

ဂ်ပန္ေရာက္ျမန္မာမ်ားသည္ ႏိုင္ငံေရး၊ လူမႈေရး၊ ဘာသာေရး စသည့္ကိစၥမ်ားတြက္ အၿမဲတမ္း လက္မေႏွးပဲ ထိပ္ဆံုးက ရွိတက္သည့္အားေလ်ာ္စြာ ယခု နတ္ကႏၵားပဲြကိုလည္း ၂၁ ရာစုအတြင္း ျပည္ပႏိုင္ငံမ်ားတြင္ ဟိုးေလးတေၾကာ္ က်င္းပမည့္ ပထမဆံုးပဲြျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သိရွိရသည္။

နိပြန္းဘိရုမာ ဘန္ဆိုင္း

ထူးျခားခ်က္မွာ ယခုနတ္ကႏၷားပဲြကို ဂ်ပန္ျမန္မာခ်စ္ၾကည္ေရးအျဖစ္ က်င္းပမည္ျဖစ္ရာ ျမန္မာ အတြင္း ၃၇ မင္း၊ အတြင္း ၃၇ မင္း၊ အလယ္ ၃၇ မင္း စသည့္နတ္မ်ားအျပင္ ဂ်ပန္ရိုးရာနတ္မ်ားလည္း ပူးေပါင္းပါ၀င္ၾကမည္ဟု သိရသည္။

နတ္ေတြ ဗီဇာရျပီးျပီလား

ျမန္မာျပည္က နတ္ေလာကတြင္ ေပၚျပဴလာ ျဖစ္ေနသည့္ နတ္တပါးအား မိမိတို ့သတင္းဌာနမွ ဆက္သြယ္ေမးျမန္း ၾကည့္ရာ.. “ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ဂ်ပန္ကို သြားမွာေလ။ ဗီဇာေတာင္ရၿပီးျပီ.. အဲ.. ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ နီးေနေတာ့ မဲေပးျပီးမွ သြားခြင့္ရမယ္လို ့လည္းၾကားတယ္..။ နတ္ေတြလည္း ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပဲြေၾကာင့္ စိတ္ညစ္ေနရတယ္ ”ဟု ဆိုသည္။

ေတာင္ျပံဳးဖက္တြင္ ခရီးလြန္ေနသည့္ နတ္ကေတာ္တဦးက.. “ဒီမွာကလည္း ပဲြဆက္ေတြမ်ားတဲ့ၾကားက ဂ်ပန္က လွမ္းဖိတ္ေတာ့လည္း သြားရမွာေပါ့။ သိတယ္မဟုတ္လား.. နတ္ေလာက စည္ပင္သာယာတိုးတက္ျပီး ႏိုင္ငံတကာ အဆင့္ေရာက္ဖို ့ သြားရမွာေပါ့..”ဟု နတ္သံေႏွာ၍ ေျပာျပသည္။

နတ္ေနာက္မွာ အရိပ္ေတြပါတယ္

ယခုနတ္ကႏၷားပဲြသို ့လာေရာက္မည့္ နတ္မ်ားႏွင့္အတူ နတ္အလုပ္အေကၽြး၊ နတ္ထိန္း၊ နတ္အေဖၚ၊ နတ္ တပည့္။ နတ္စပယ္ယာ၊ နတ္အရံ စသည္တို ့လိုက္ပါလာမည္ျဖစ္ရာ အခ်ဳိ ့လည္း ဂ်ပန္တြင္ ေနခဲ့ျပီး မျပန္မည့္ သူ မ်ားရွိေနႏိုင္ေၾကာင္းလည္း ခန္ ့မွန္းေျပာဆိုေနၾကသည္။
“ဒီမွာက ေနရတာ ရင္တမမေလ.. ဘယ္ေန ့ ဗံုးေပါက္မလဲ။ ဘယ္ေန ့မီးေလာင္မလဲနဲ ့စိုးရိမ္ေနရတာ.. ဒီၾကားထဲ မီးကပ်က္၊ ေရကႀကီး၊ ေရာဂါကထူ၊ မဲေပးဖို ့ ကလည္း တပူပူနဲ ့.. နိပြန္းမွာ ပန္းကန္ပဲေဆးရေဆးရ .. သန္ ့ရွင္းေရးပဲ လုပ္ရလုပ္ရ… ဒီမွာထက္ေတာ့ စိတ္ခ်မ္းသာမယ္ထင္တယ္ေလ.. ဒီေတာ့လည္း ဒါေတြရွိႏိုင္တာေပါ့ …တခ်ဳိ ့ဆို ဟိုေရာက္ ရင္ အာေလွ်ာက္ဖို ့ အခုထဲက “အာေလွ်ာက္နည္းသင္တန္း” ေတာင္ တက္ေနျပီၾကားတယ္“ဟု နတ္မယ္ေတာ္ႀကီးတဦးက ေတြးေတြးဆဆ ေျပာသည္။

ဂ်ပန္ထက္ ျမန္မာက သာပါတယ္

ျမန္မာနတ္ကႏၷားပဲြမ်ားမွာ “အိုးကေလးလႈပ္ပါေဟ့.. ေရအိုးေလး လႈပ္ပါေဟ့”ကဲ့သို ့ဟစ္ေဟာ့သီခ်င္းမ်ားပါ မက်န္ ထည့္သြင္းတီးမႈတ္ကခုန္ေနသည္ျဖစ္ရာ အလြန္ ေခတ္မွီသည့္အတြက္ ဂ်ပန္နတ္မ်ားမွာ ေနာက္ေကာက္ မက်န္ခဲ့ ရန္ အျပင္းအထန္ ေလ့က်င့္ျပင္ဆင္ေနရသည္ဟုလည္း သတင္းရရွိသည္။

လက္မွတ္၀ယ္ရတာေတာ့ နာတယ္ရွင္

ပဲြေတာ္ကို ေသသပ္က်စြာ က်င္းပႏိုင္ရန္ ျပင္ဆင္လ်က္ရွိေနျပီး ႀကဳိတင္လက္မွတ္မ်ားလည္း ေရာင္းခ် လ်က္ရွိရာ ျမန္မာစတိုးဆိုင္မ်ားႏွင့္ ျမန္မာမ်ားအဓိက စုရံုးရာ ျမန္မာအခြန္ရံုးတ၀ိုက္တြင္ ၀ယ္ယူႏိုင္ေၾကာင္းလည္း သိရွိရသည္။ လက္မွတ္ေလးတကိုင္ကိုင္ႏွင့္ ငိုမဲ့မဲ့ျဖစ္ေနသူ တဦးက..

“အခုပဲြမွာ တို ့ကလည္း ကမွာေလ။ တို ့ပါမယ့္ပဲြမွာ တို ့ကိုယ္တိုင္က လက္မွတ္ေပး၀ယ္ရမယ္တဲ့။ ဟြန္း. ဒါေတာ့လြန္တာေပါ့ေနာ္“ဟု ဆိုသည္။

အာရမလား သိခ်င္ရင္

နတ္ကႏၷားပဲြတြင္ “အလုပ္အကိုင္အဆင္ေျပပါ့မလား“ “အလုပ္ဘယ္ေတာ့ျပန္ရမလဲ “ “ဘယ္ေတာ့ အာက်မွာလဲ“ “အာႀကီးလား။ အာေလးလား” .. စသည္ စသည္ တို ့ကိုလည္း နတ္ေမးႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း သတင္းရရွိသလို နတ္ကႏၷားပဲြတြင္ ေစ်း ဆိုင္ဖြင့္လွစ္ေရာင္းခ်လိုသူမ်ားလည္း ဆက္သြယ္ႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း သိရွိရသည္။

ဆက္ဆက္လာခဲ့ၾကေနာ္

ယခုပဲြေတာ္မွာ တမူထူးျခားသျဖင့္ ဂ်ပန္ေရာက္ျမန္မာမ်ား အထူးစိတ္၀င္တစား အားေပးလိမ့္မည္ဟု ပဲြစီစဥ္သူမ်ား က ေမွ်ာ္လင့္လ်က္ရွိသည္။ သူမက…

“သမီးတို ့ေခၚတဲ့နတ္ေတြက ၾကာဇာတ္လမ္း.. အဲ “အာရံုဦးမွာ ဟိုဒင္းျဖစ္သည့္ၾကာ” ဇာတ္ကားထဲမွာ မပါဘူးေလ။ သန္ ့သန္ ့ေလးေတြဆိုေတာ့ ဆႏၵျပခံရမွာလည္း ပူစရာမလိုဘူး။ လက္မွတ္ျပန္အမ္းရမွာလဲ ပူစရာမလိုဘူး။ ေအးေဆးပဲ “ ဟုလည္း ဆိုသည္။

ဘယ္ေန ့လဲ…

စနစ္တက် ျပင္ဆင္ေနလ်က္ရွိေနေသာ ဂ်ပန္ျမန္မာ ခ်စ္ၾကည္ေရး ျခိမ့္ျခိမ့္သဲ နတ္ကႏၷားပဲြႀကီးကို က်င္းပမည့္ေန ့ မွာ ဂ်ပန္ေရာက္ ျမန္မာအဖဲြ႕အစည္းမ်ား ညီညြတ္သည့္ေန ့ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သတင္းရရွိပါသည္။

ေဒါက္တာ ဂြတို

ဂ်ပန္ေရာက္ျမန္မာေတြမ်ားေျပာပါတယ္၊ Rဗြီဇာေလးေတြ က်ၿပီဆုိေတာ႔ လုပ္လုိက္ၾကတဲ႔ပြဲ သူ႔ထက္အၿပိဳင္ပါဘဲ၊ ရွုံးတယ္...ရွုံးတယ္နဲ႔ တပြဲၿပီးတပြဲကုိလုပ္လုိက္ၾကတာ၊ ဂ်ပန္ကျမန္မာေတြ လုပ္ဖုိ႔ နတ္ကႏၷားပဲြနဲ႕ မုိးႀကိဳးငွက္ငယ္ေလးတုိ႔လုိ (အလွဖန္တီးရွင္မ်ားအဖြဲ႔ရဲ႕ ႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံ သြပ္ျပားတုိ႔ ခ်စ္ၾကည္ေရးပြဲေလးဘဲလုပ္ဖုိ႔ က်န္ေတာ႔တယ္၊ သူမ်ားမဦးေအာင္ ျမန္ျမန္ေလးလုပ္ၾကေနာ္၊

” စိတ္ေတာ႔မရွိၾကနဲ႔ဗ်ာ အမုန္းခံၿပီး ေရးသားတင္ျပေနတာေတြဟာ ကုိယ္႔ျမန္မာေတြကုိခ်စ္လုိ႔ပါ၊ ျပဳျပင္ေစခ်င္တာေလးေတြကုိ တင္ျပၾကတာပါ။ မဟုတ္တာေတြလုပ္မယ္႔သူေတြေတာ႔ သတိေလးထားၾကေပါ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ျပန္လာၿပီ” အျမင္မေတာ္တာေတြကုိေ၀ဖန္ေထာက္ျပမယ္႔ မွန္တာေတြ အကုန္ေ၀ဖန္မယ္႔ မဂၤလာဒုိး...အဲမွားလုိ႔ ေဒါက္တာဂြတုိနဲ႔ မီဒီယာအေပါင္းအသင္းမ်ားပါ။


Source: http://kamarnilar.blogspot.com/

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ဂ်ပန္သို႔အေျခခ်ခြင့္ရသည့္ ထုိင္းနယ္စပ္မွျမန္မာဒုကၡသည္မိသားစု ၃ စုသာေရာက္ရွိ

၂၀၁၀ခုႏွစ္၊ စက္တင္ဘာလမွာ ဂ်ပန္ကုိေရာက္ရွိလာမယ္႔ ထုိင္းနယ္စပ္မွ ကရင္ဒုကၡသည္မ်ားဟာ မူလအစီအစဥ္အရ မိသားစု ၅ စုစလံုး လာေရာက္ဖို႔ စီစဥ္ထားေသာ္လည္း၊ မိသားစု ၂ စုမွာ ေနထိုင္မေကာင္းျဖစ္ေနေသာေၾကာင့္ တပါတည္း လိုက္ပါလာႏိုင္ျခင္းမရွိပဲ က်န္ရွိခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သြားေရာက္ႀကိဳဆိုေရးအဖဲြ႔တြင္ ပါ၀င္သူတစ္ဦးျဖစ္သည့္ ကိုမ်ဳိးျမင့္ေဆြ၏ ေျပာျပခ်က္အရသိရွိရပါေၾကာင္း။


ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံသို႔လာေရာက္အေျခခ်ေနထိုင္ခြင့္ရွိေသာကရင္မိသားစုမ်ားႏွင့္ကိုမ်ဳိးျမင့္ေဆြ(အက်ၤီပန္းေရာင္ႏွင့္အိတ္ကိုင္ထားသူ)

Source: http://kamarnilar.blogspot.com/

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Criticism Intensifies Over Spat With China

Kan Administration criticized over spat with China


THE ASAHI SHIMBUN



photo

Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshito Sengoku says at a news conference in Tokyo on Monday that Japan will ask China to pay for the damage caused to Japan Coast Guard vessels by a Chinese trawler. (JUN UEDA/ THE ASAHI SHIMBUN)



Opposition parties are sharpening their knives in preparation to attack the government in the extraordinary Diet session scheduled to begin Friday over the sudden release of a Chinese trawler captain.



None of the opposition parties is buying the government's explanation that prosecutors decided on their own Friday to release Zhan Qixiong, 41, whose fishing trawler rammed two Japan Coast Guard vessels near the disputed Senkaku Islands, leading to his arrest Sept. 8.



They will also tackle the Democratic Party of Japan-led government over its entire handling of the incident, which seriously strained relations with China, and will raise the question of whether Japan folded its cards too quickly.



Prime Minister Naoto Kan on Sunday reiterated that political interference was not a factor in the release of Zhan.



"The decision was made based on domestic law in an orderly fashion by the public prosecutors office," Kan told reporters.



But opposition parties have already jumped on the comments of Toru Suzuki, deputy public prosecutor at the Naha District Public Prosecutors Office. When Suzuki announced the release of the captain, he said the decision was made after "considering the effects on the people of Japan and the future of Japan-China relations."



Does that mean the government left an important political decision on national security and diplomacy entirely in the hands of prosecutors?



The opposition doesn't think so.



Kenji Eda, secretary-general of Your Party, said the case shows a "virtual exercise" by the government "of its right of command" over prosecutors.



"Prosecutors had clearly overstepped their authority if a decision was made to release the captain by going beyond the nature of the crime and extenuating circumstances and including the effect on Japan-China relations," he said.



Liberal Democratic Party Secretary-General Nobuteru Ishihara said in a debate program Sunday broadcast by Japan Broadcasting Corp. (NHK) that the party will seek sworn testimony in the Diet from the prosecutors to get to the truth.



"Prosecutors brought in a political factor to a job where decisions are made based on the law and evidence," he said.



At a news conference, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshito Sengoku, a lawyer by trade, pointed to a legal concept under criminal procedure law that gives prosecutors the authority under certain circumstances to release an individual even if evidence clearly shows a crime has been committed.



Yet even some within the Kan administration have suggested the government exerted political pressure on the prosecutors.



"There was likely a high-level political decision," Yoshihiro Katayama, internal affairs and communications minister, said. "In a wide sense, prosecutors are also a part of the government."



During a speech in Tokyo on Sunday, LDP policy chief Shigeru Ishiba said the government was simply trying to pass off its tough decision on someone else.



"The prime minister and chief Cabinet secretary who should bear responsibility for political and diplomatic decisions have avoided that responsibility by saying, 'I know nothing about it because it was done by prosecutors,'" Ishiba said.



But the debate in the Diet will not be solely focused on the decision to release the captain. Critics say the entire process was bungled from the beginning, arguing that had Japan immediately sent Zhan back to China after his arrest, the row could have been better contained.



"During the administration of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, individuals who landed on the Senkaku Islands were immediately deported. I believe a similar handling was possible in the latest case," LDP President Sadakazu Tanigaki told reporters at LDP headquarters on Friday.



In March 2004, seven Chinese activists landed on the Senkaku Islands and were arrested by Okinawa prefectural police on suspicion of illegal entry into Japan. They were deported to China two days later.



At a news conference at that time, Koizumi admitted political considerations were involved in that decision, saying, "We gave instructions to the related agencies on the fundamental policy of making a decision on the issue by looking at the big picture and not negatively affecting Japan-China relations."



Katsuya Okada, secretary-general of the ruling DPJ, said, "The response by the Koizumi government led China to believe that 'Japan's position as a nation ruled by law is only for show.'"



Those within the prime minister's office were concerned that immediately deporting Zhan would have led to domestic criticism that the government was "weak-kneed."



An aide to Kan said such a decision "might have sent a message to China that even if a problem occurred near the Senkaku Islands, that would be the extent of Japan's response."



Foreign Minister Seiji Maehara was in charge of the coast guard as minister of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism when the incident occurred. He personally told Kan, "It is better to stick with a resolute posture toward China."



Another factor is that the coast guard had video images of the Chinese trawler purposely ramming the coast guard vessels.



The consensus within the government was that there was no way to avoid investigating the captain within the process from his arrest to having papers on him sent to prosecutors.



Some opposition members suggest the government should have stuck to its guns and indicted Zhan.



"He was a virtual criminal since he violated Japanese territory. Domestic law should have been applied in an orderly manner," Your Party's Eda said on a Sunday program broadcast by Fuji Television Network Inc.



If the captain had admitted to the allegations against him, he might have gotten off without an indictment. However, since he continued to deny the suspicions, he would have at least been indicted under normal circumstances.



No one in Japan's diplomatic corps has argued for pressing charges against Zhan.



An even stronger Chinese response to an indictment could have triggered nationalistic sentiment in the two nations, shaking the foundation of bilateral relations to its very roots.



According to a Japanese diplomatic source, Chinese officials repeatedly told their Japanese counterparts: "While Japan says there is a separation of powers, the reality must be different. Why isn't a political decision made after thinking about the big picture in Japan-China ties?"



Whatever the picture, the opposition parties agree that the timing of Zhan's release could not have been worse.



At a speech in Tokyo on Sunday night, Yuriko Koike, chairwoman of the LDP's General Council, blasted the diplomacy under the DPJ government.



"A Japan that is looked down upon in such a manner was created because the DPJ has been unguarded in its political handling over the past year," she said.

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Web Site Critical Of Myanmar Reports Coming Under Attack

Bangkok

The Web site of Irrawaddy Magazine, a leading source of news and criticism of the junta in Myanmar, has come under attack and been blocked by hackers, its editor, Aung Zaw, said Monday.

The attack, which occurred just after midnight, was similar to but more sophisticated than a previous attack that forced the temporary closure of the site, which is based in Thailand, two years ago.

Mr. Aung Zaw said it was not clear whether the attack came from inside Myanmar or from China, a close ally. Visitors to www.irrawaddy.org have been redirected to a mirror site while technicians seek to restore it.

Source: International Herald Tribune (Tuesday, September 28, 2010)

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The Challenge Of Resettling Refugees In Japan

POINT OF VIEW/ Johan Cels: The challenge of resettling refugees in Japan


SPECIAL TO THE ASAHI SHIMBUN



Johan Cels

"Moving to Mars" is the title of a superb documentary about two young Karen refugee families who are being resettled from Mae La, a camp on the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), to Sheffield in Britain.



The film chronicles their experiences in the refugee camp, their hopes for a brighter future and their resettlement to Britain. Humorous on occasion, the film is deeply touching as it shares the hopes, dreams and bewilderment, as well as the shock of the two families, while establishing a new life.



The film's message could not be more timely. The first group of some 30 Burmese refugees, including young children, arrived in Japan today. They fled Myanmar years ago and have resided at Mae La ever since.



As they are not able to return to Myanmar or settle in Thailand, resettlement elsewhere is their only hope. Living in refugee camps is harsh and offers no future. Education and employment opportunities are scarce. Many of the children born there know little else.



In December 2008, the Japanese government decided to start a resettlement pilot project. Over a three-year period, 90 Burmese refugees will be resettled in Japan.



Japan is the first Asian country to adopt such a project in line with human-security principles, protecting and empowering people, guiding its policies. It also reflects Japan's strengthening of refugee and asylum policies. In recent years, more refugees have been granted protection in Japan. In 2009, a total of 531 refugees were allowed to stay. This is the highest number since Indochinese refugees began arriving in Japan more than 30 years ago.



For the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the resettlement pilot project is very important.



At present, the UNHCR faces a huge gap between existing needs and available resettlement destinations. Worldwide, some 750,000 people out of 10.4 million refugees under the UNHCR's mandate are estimated to be in need of resettlement over the next five years. However in 2009, only 84,000 refugees, or 11 percent of those in need of resettlement, were able to depart for a new country.



To overcome this gap, the UNHCR has been urging more nations, beyond the traditional immigration and resettlement countries like the United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, to welcome refugees. Japan has responded positively to the call and we must ensure the success of the program.



One of the key measures of success will be the sustainable integration of the Burmese refugees into their new communities and Japanese society. The experience of the 11,000 Indochinese refugees who came to Japan shows that they can successfully integrate into Japanese society and make important contributions to local communities.



There are, however, important challenges and we need to draw upon the experiences gained so far.



Before arriving in Japan, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) will provide initial language training as well as cultural orientation about life in Japan. Upon arrival in Japan, a six-month assistance program will be implemented through the Refugee Assistance Headquarters. This includes, among others, providing accommodations, medical care, language training, cultural orientation, skills development and assistance in finding employment.



Following the initial period, the refugees are free to choose where to live in Japan while continuing to receive counseling and assistance for employment and skills training, often through the local communities and authorities. Hopefully, as soon as possible, the resettled refugees will be able to stand on their own feet.



But there will be many unforeseen challenges. What may appear logical, practical and obvious to us, may solicit bewilderment and angst among the refugees.



To minimize these challenges, we must adopt a comprehensive and longer-term integration strategy. The provision of assistance during the first six months may not suffice and a longer-term integration, thus a follow-up strategy must be developed. Basic proficiency of the Japanese language is necessary to find employment. The experience of the Indochinese refugees showed that language training requires longer concerted efforts, especially for adults. In the right context, children are quick to learn a new language at school and through friends.



The experiences of the Icho Elementary School in Yokohama, which schools many refugee and migrant children, shows that special training and support is also required for the teachers and the community so that education programs and teaching skills can be adjusted to meet the needs of the children and the parents.



From the outset, it is essential to build a strong social support network around the refugees. Navigating daily life in a sprawling urban context like Tokyo requires sustained support and skills that cannot be easily shared through cultural orientation courses.



Therefore, it is important to extensively draw from the outset upon the support of the existing Karen refugees as well as of the NGO communities, including in the design and implementation of the integration programs.



There is a small but vibrant Karen community in Japan which can assist the new refugees in their daily orientation. The NGO community can equally help build a bridge between the refugees and the local communities. Likewise, the local authorities will provide important services, such as social security, housing and medical services. They require guidance on the potential issues that they may need to address.



At the broader level, close coordination among all relevant government ministries, local authorities, NGOs, refugee communities as well as IOM and UNHCR are essential.



Much of the assistance does not necessarily have to be provided through government services, but it can be done by the public. To do so, however, requires guidance, support and the necessary resources.



A successful reintegration program for resettled refugees will also have broader implications for developing a comprehensive integration policy for refugees in Japan, which is lacking.



At present, varying levels of assistance exist depending on whether a person has been granted Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or humanitarian status, or is a resettled refugee. For example, language training is only available for a limited period to refugees with convention status as well as those who have resettled.



While taking into account specific needs and requirements, harmonizing the level of integration assistance that is being provided to the various protected groups will be an important step.



Extensive experience and expertise exists in Japan through, for example, the integration packages developed for foreign workers of Japanese origin and Indochinese refugees. It is important to review and identify the best practices. Gathering the experiences of other countries in integrating various groups of refugees and humanitarian status holders will also provide useful insights for Japan.



At the end of the pilot project, the UNHCR hopes that more refugees will be given the opportunity to start a new life in Japan. What matters now is the quality of the program, rather than the number of refugees resettled during this pilot project phase.



It's also important to ensure that the program develops successfully in the coming years and that a comprehensive and sustainable integration strategy is implemented, benefiting both resettled as well as other refugees recognized in Japan.



* * *


Johan Cels is a UNHCR representative in Japan.


* * *


Footnote: The film "Moving to Mars" (directed by Mat Whitecross) will be shown at the 5th UNHCR Refugee Film Festival taking place in Tokyo from Oct. 1 to 10. For details, see (http://unhcr.refugeefilm.org).

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